Worked example · demonstration of method

Wargaming a public-order standoff

A hypothetical brief from a national ministry, demonstrating the framing, modelling and gaming stages through a problem statement, actors, system model, interactive moves and findings.

This is a demonstration, not a client engagement. The country, the players and the brief are fictitious. The supplied demonstrator identifies just 1 of 48 parameters as sourced; the rest are expert judgement or illustrative values. Its underlying model files and test record are not published here. The numbers illustrate the model’s internal behaviour, not a real-world forecast or advice.

1

The brief

What combination of moves takes the players from street confrontation to a stable, lawful process, without anyone conceding the one demand that cannot be split?

Situation
A contested decision by an independent oversight body has drawn sustained protest in the capital. Protest sites have been restricted, organisers detained, and the oversight body says its decision was lawful and unanimous while holding the records that could show it.
Horizon
60 days, simulated in steps of a fraction of a day.
Success
Four tests agreed before the game: low cumulative exposure to violent incidents, grievance settled by day 60, enforcement kept moderate at its peak, and the disputed records disclosed.
Out of scope
The merits of the oversight body's decision, events outside the capital, and any downstream political outcome.
2

The actors and their incentives

Players are named by function. Each has a short menu of moves: a status quo, a cooperative move and a hard line.

PlayerWantsCan it commit?Moves in the game
AuthoritiesOrderYes, high capacityStatus quo · restrain from day 2 · escalate with heavier force
Oversight bodyContinuity and credibilityMedium; internally dividedStonewall · partial disclosure · full disclosure
CourtLegitimacy of the processYesNo timeline · sets a disclosure timeline · delays
OrganisersVisibility and procedural winsLow while decentralisedContinue · disciplined, stewarded protest · escalate
OppositionAmplificationMediumBaseline · amplify the street · take the legal route
Leaderless groupsVariedNoModelled in the network game, not as a lever

Core game: a stag hunt

Mutual cooperation is ranked best for both the authorities and the organisers, while cooperating alone is ranked worst. A player may therefore hesitate to move first when the other side’s response is uncertain.

A court-supervised timeline can make a cooperative first move less exposed, while rising costs of confrontation may make cooperation more attractive.

These are qualitative incentive comparisons. Numerical confidence thresholds require cardinal payoff assumptions and a calculation that are not published with this demonstrator.

Wider game: a six-player cascade

A threshold model of who can tip whom into cooperating.

  • No single player can tip the system alone.
  • The authorities' restraint is the pivotal lever.
  • Detaining the organisers' leadership sharply reduces the chance of a cooperative cascade, because the organisers lose the ability to commit.

The game layers say which moves are worth testing. They have no clock. The system model below runs those moves through time.

3

The system model

Nine stocks, the feedback loops between them, and every player's moves as dashed lever boxes. The double bar marks a delay that matters. The supplied demonstrator reports matching Python and Vensim implementations; the comparison record is not published here.

same direction (+) opposite direction (−) sign depends on the move dashed box: a player's move or a shock

Open the standalone causal diagram ↗

B1Deterrence. More enforcement shrinks the crowd. The only loop that works in the authorities' favour.
R1Force breeds grievance. Enforcement raises grievance, which grows the crowd, which draws more enforcement.
R2Incident spiral. Incidents raise perceived disorder, which raises enforcement, which raises incidents.
R3Decapitation. Detained leaders cannot hold the protest together, so incidents rise.
R4Custody grievance. Unaccounted detention feeds grievance and the crowd.
B4Disclosure. Grievance pressures the oversight body to disclose. Dormant in every scenario tested.
4

Scenario ladder

Each player's single move, combinations, and shocks laid on top of them. Incident exposure is a 60-day index; lower is calmer.

ScenarioIncident exposurePeak enforcementGrievance, day 60Records disclosed

"Pipeline-aware" means the authorities account for measures already in motion instead of reacting to the current reading alone.

5

Play the game

Five players, three moves each: 243 combinations, all run through the model. Choose a move for each player and see whether the standoff resolves. The thresholds are the analyst's, set before the runs; in a real engagement the decision-maker sets them.

6

What the game showed

43 of 243

combinations resolve the standoff. None of them uses heavier force by the authorities. Across the 81 combinations where the authorities escalate, average incident exposure is more than double that under restraint.

Two movers

Every resolving combination pairs a disclosure mover (the oversight body or the court) with a calm mover (the authorities or the organisers). Calm without disclosure leaves grievance in place; disclosure without calm arrives into a spiral.

Worse first

Restraint raises peak crowd size before it lowers incidents, in 98% of 800 sensitivity draws. A leadership judging restraint by its first week would abandon the move that works.

≈ 2×

Holding leaders for about 15 days roughly doubles incident exposure against the status quo, because the decapitation loop removes the one actor who can commit the street to calm.

Robustness: across 800 Latin hypercube draws, varying 39 parameters by ±50%, the cooperative package beats the status quo every time. The result rests most on one structural assumption: incidents rise with enforcement and fall with leadership coherence.

7

What the model cannot see

Validation scorecard

TestWork statusReported resultEvidence or limit

These are tests reported in the supplied demonstrator; supporting files are not published here. Agreement between implementations would check the build, not validate the model against observed behaviour.

Have a decision with someone on the other side?

Every engagement starts with a decision question and visible assumptions. Model access and handover materials are agreed in the project scope.

Start with a decision diagnostic